![]() ![]() We suggest that the difference is due to a higher specific force (force per unit of cross-sectional area) in the bonobo. This was twice the output expected on the basis of muscle mass specific work and power in other jumping animals but seems physiologically possible. To account for the mechanical output, the muscles actuating the bonobo's hips (directly and indirectly) must deliver muscle-mass-specific power and work output of 615 W kg −1 and 92 J kg −1, respectively. In the bonobo, most of the mechanical output was generated at the hips. Despite the difference in size, the mechanical output delivered by the bonobo and the human jumper during the push-off was similar: about 450 J, with a peak power output close to 3000 W. Jumps by one male bonobo (34 kg) and one human male (61.5 kg) were analysed using an inverse dynamics approach. All bonobos reached jump heights above 0.7 m, which greatly exceeds typical human maximal performance (0.3–0.4 m). Jump height, defined as the vertical displacement of the body centre of mass during the airborne phase, was determined for three bonobos of varying age and sex. Human cruelty is something Yvonne Vela Tona, a caretaker at Lola ya Bonobo, has seen up close.Vertical jumping was used to assess muscle mechanical output in bonobos and comparisons were drawn to human jumping. When that happens, scientists say, we tend to suppress empathy and embrace cruelty. Studies show we may not even consider a stranger fully human if they belong to a group perceived as other and threatening. Humans do not share bonobos' assumption that every stranger is a potential friend. Since then, we humans have channeled our inner bonobo to share and cooperate on a massive scale.īut we've often acted more like chimps - whose murder rate in the wild is comparable to our own - when it comes to behaviors like violence against members of our own species. It's been about 6 million years since the death of the last common ancestor we shared with chimps and bonobos. "Humans can be a fantastic bonobo with a big heart or a very dangerous warrior," she says. Those are all traits you can see in humans, on a good day, André says. What all the science suggests is that bonobos have evolved in a way that predisposes them to sharing, tolerance, negotiation and cooperation. This time, the bonobo with food usually shared with the stranger first, then invited the friend to join in. Later, the scientists repeated the experiment with three bonobos, one of whom was a stranger. "But we were surprised to see that roommate is more important than favorite food." "In our mind, we thought that because of nice food they would first eat," Kwetuenda says. The bonobo with food was given a choice: eat alone, or use a special key to let in their neighbor. The fruit plate was topped with a type of cream Kwetuenda calls "bonobo sauce." ![]() Then they gave one of the animals a plate of prized food, like bananas or apples, which have to be imported. In one experiment, the scientists put two bonobos in adjacent rooms. They were done in Lola's "bonobo lab," a building that features room-size cages and a place for scientists to observe what happens inside them. ![]() The experiments were carried out by a team that included Kwetuenda and Brian Hare, a professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke University. One way that bonobos differ from other great apes is in their eagerness to share, something that has been documented in a series of experiments here at Lola. But if a male were to become aggressive, all the females would rally around her to chase him into the forest. Semendua is smaller than many of the males around her. ![]()
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